【什么是表语从句】表语从句是英语语法中的一种从句结构,用于在系动词后对主语进行补充说明,起到“表语”的作用。它通常由连接词引导,如that、whether、if、what、how等,用来解释或说明主语的性质、状态或特征。
一、
表语从句是跟在系动词(如be, seem, appear, become等)之后,用来说明主语是什么、怎么样或为什么的从句。它的核心功能是充当表语,即对主语进行描述或解释。
常见的系动词有:
- be(am/is/are/was/were)
- seem
- appear
- feel
- sound
- look
- taste
- smell
- become
- grow
- turn
表语从句的结构一般为:
主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句
例如:
- The problem is that we don’t have enough time.
- He seems to be very tired.
- It looks as if he is lying.
需要注意的是,有些表语从句可以省略引导词“that”,尤其是在口语中。
二、表语从句常见引导词及用法对比表
引导词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
that | 引导陈述性内容,常省略 | The fact is that he didn’t come. |
whether/if | 表示“是否”,多用于疑问情况 | The question is whether we can finish on time. |
what | 引导名词性从句,表示“……的东西” | The issue is what we should do next. |
how | 引导方式或程度 | The problem is how to solve it. |
when | 引导时间 | The time is when we should leave. |
where | 引导地点 | The place is where we met for the first time. |
why | 引导原因 | The reason is why she left. |
because | 引导原因,但较少用于表语从句 | (较少使用) |
三、表语从句与同位语从句的区别
项目 | 表语从句 | 同位语从句 |
功能 | 说明主语的状态或性质 | 解释或说明前面的名词 |
系动词 | 必须跟在系动词后 | 通常跟在抽象名词后(如fact, idea, news, belief等) |
引导词 | 常见有that, whether, what等 | 常见有that, whether, how等 |
例子 | The problem is that we are out of time. | The fact is that he was late. |
四、总结
表语从句是英语中一种重要的语法结构,用于在系动词后对主语进行进一步的说明。掌握其引导词和用法,有助于提高英语表达的准确性和丰富性。同时,注意与同位语从句的区别,避免混淆使用。